Indoor levels of volatile organic compounds at Florentine museum environments in Italy

Indoor Air Quality monitoring in cultural institutions is of particular concern to protect these places and the cultural heritage content. An indoor monitoring campaign was performed in three museums in Florence (Italy) to determine the occurrence and levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs of interest included BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes), terpenes, aldehydes, organic acids, and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS). The most abundant VOCs in all samples analyzed were BTEX, which were strictly related to the traffic source, followed by siloxanes and terpenes. Among BTEX, toluene was always the most abundant followed by xylenes, ethylbenzene, and benzene. cVMS in exhibition rooms with the presence of visitors showed higher values compared to samples collected when the museums were closed. Terpenes showed not only the influence of vegetation-biogenic sources surrounding a museum but could also be related to the wood used for the construction of showcases and furniture and the use of cleaning products. Data obtained also showed the presence of organic acids and aldehydes whose source can be traced back to exhibits themselves and wood-based furniture. Assessing the levels of organic acids in museums is important because, over time, it can cause deterioration of the artifacts.     

Digitally reconstructing Van Gogh's Field with Irises near Arles part 3: Determining the original colors

In earlier articles, we determined the spatial distributions and concentrations of all pigments used by Van Gogh in his painting Field with Irises near Arles. The colors of some pigments are expected to have changed over time, especially those of chrome yellow, cochineal, and eosin lake. For all pigments in this painting, we made physical paint reconstructions by following historical sources on raw materials and production processes, and we determined their optical properties. We combined this with pigment concentration maps to reconstruct the original colors of the painting digitally. When substituting the reconstruction paints into the calculations, we found that technical‐scientific data was not sufficient to resolve several issues. In those cases, discussions within the broad interdisciplinary team allowed us to make informed decisions. These issues refer to the representation of the sky area, and the original contributions of the red lake pigments to local colors. The digitally reconstructed colors of the painting show that due to discoloring of red lake pigments, the irises in the field have changed from a warm purple to purplish blue, and many pink spots in the field have turned to white. The range of yellows in the field has decreased and partly turned to dark brown. The digital reconstruction gives a better understanding of the color scheme used by Van Gogh when compared to remarks the artist made in letters when describing this painting. Also, the original color composition is seen to be aligned with color theories on which Van Gogh based his work.     

基于红外测温的文物冷冻干燥监测技术

为了给大型、大批量文物的冷冻干燥保驾护航，以饱水木质文物为样品，结合红外温度传感器和红外热像仪，对文物的冷冻过程进行温度监控。结果表明，红外温度传感器对样品表面温度变化十分灵敏，能有效跟踪温度的动态变化过程，但测量准确性会受样品发射率、环境波动等因素的影响。红外热像仪经发射率标定后可达到较高的测量精度，利用热成像得到的图像，可直观地筛查样品表面的最高/最低温度区。经过分析，样品在靠近仓内换热器端的位置，表面温度较低，靠近仓门的位置，表面温度较高，且样品上表面温度略低于侧面温度。根据红外测温结果，预期能给出冷冻干燥设备控制的建议，降低文物冻干失败的风险，减轻文保工作者的工作负担。     

Striking Patterns: Contemporary Ikat Design and Its Future

This review presents the results of a conference on ikat textiles organized in the context of the exhibition Striking Patterns: Global Traces in Local Ikat Fashion at the Museum der Kulturen Basel, Switzerland (October 2016 to March 2017). Academics and professional experts, some of them working for NGOs, debated often neglected potentialities as well as the future of contemporary ikat design and other intricately patterned handwoven textiles: the significance of new patterns; intellectual property rights; and educational encouragement. The general focus lay on the controversially perceived innovation of textile patterns in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. We will here present the main arguments of the discussion and our own suggestions for further research.     

浙江严子陵钓台文化景观变迁探析

严子陵钓台是中国隐士文化景观的重要组成部分。通过文献整理,现场调研等研究方法,探索严子陵钓台历史变迁,共分为形成之初、繁荣发展、明清与近代发展3个时期。并且以钓台测绘图为基础,结合古籍文献对盛期钓台进行复原。在此基础上,从山水形胜、文人活动、景面文心3个方面分析了严子陵钓台的景观形成与特征。为严子陵钓台文化景观的保护提供参考,也为同类型文化景观的研究工作提供了一种研究思路。     

区间集上的一元格蕴涵代数方程

把格蕴涵代数中滤子、素滤子、LI-理想、对偶原子和凸子格等概念拓展到区间集进行了重新定义,研究了三种基本的区间集上的一元格蕴涵代数方程,并给出了方程的可解性判断条件以及方程解集的若干性质.     

The interpretation of the English landscape garden between 1815 and 1840 through Xavier Kurten’s work in Piedmont (north-west Italy)

Xavier Kurten (?–1840) was a Prussian landscape gardener who worked for the Savoy family in the Piedmont region of Italy in the first half of the nineteenth century. He designed or redesigned all royal parks, creating a specific style based on the English naturalistic garden approach. This research was performed with the aim of investigating the development of the English landscape garden in Italy. Historical documents relating to Kurten’s biography and his work in Piedmont, including plans, were collected and analysed. We analyse and discuss the features that characterised his work: the relationship between the landscape—garden—house, the path system, the use of water, the vegetation, and the garden as a productive landscape. Kurten’s style is compared with the projects of William Kent and Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown.     

基于生态-文化空间关联的乡土景观区划方法研究

迄今为止,在中国的城镇化进程中,乡土景观资源的保护与利用仍然是个未受到足够重视的薄弱环节。在社会格局剧变和文化高度融合的大背景下,隔离区域生态与文化特征的规划管理模式已无法适应人民对生活质量及其可持续性的更高追求。实现生态与文化视角的融合既是社会实践的要求也是学科发展的趋势。以福建北部地区为研究对象,在实施研究区生态与文化区划的基础上,以空间统计与地理信息技术为手段,验证了研究区生态与文化类型区的空间关联性,并据此构建了乡土景观分类及区划方法体系。对乡土景观区划成果在区域风景道规划及旅游资源空间管制等领域的应用途径做了初步探讨。本研究可视为是区域可持续发展战略中的有关乡土景观资源整合保护的一次有价值的实践探索。     

文化景观视角下的福建河坑村土楼群自然景观保护与发展研究

相对于文化遗产,文化景观遗产由于所含要素更加丰富,并有着特定而复杂的自然、经济和社会结构,往往具有整体性功能和多样化利用价值。以世界文化遗产——河坑村土楼群为例,通过对村落历史沿革、选址布局及生态山水环境等方面的梳理分析,重点剖析自然景观构成要素与现状风貌,并挖掘具有地域特色的水景观与稻田景观类型。最后在整体风貌保护、人居环境改善、适度旅游开发等方面提出河坑村文化景观遗产保护与发展策略,为制定传统村落文化景观整体性保护框架提供参考依据。     

线性文化遗产的空间格局构建——以明长城大同段为例

线性文化遗产保护的重要性和迫切性已成为共识。以明长城大同段为研究案例,综合现有文化遗产分类方法进行遗产要素分类与识别,利用空间信息技术和不同遗产价值评价体系进行资源评价与分析,并总结多级别遗产点的地理空间分布规律。基于"核心保护与多级别缓冲"保护格局,结合实际问题和相关法规文件从宏观层面提出横向层级式、纵向组团式的空间格局,最后针对不同层次的遗产区域组合,制定实操性较强的保护策略。借此为中国线性文化遗产保护的空间格局规划理论与技术研究提供经验,以完善中国文化遗产保护体系。